Assessing the Health and Functionality of the Microcirculation Using Thermal Imaging.

Area of Science:

• Physiology
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Microcirculation, vital for tissue perfusion, is implicated in chronic diseases like diabetes, sepsis, cardiovascular disease, and Long COVID.
• Dysfunction in small blood vessels (under 100 μm) impacts metabolic exchange and is clinically significant.
• Noninvasive assessment of microvascular health is crucial for early diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the principles and applications of infrared thermal imaging for assessing microvascular function.
• To compare thermal imaging with existing methods like nailfold capillaroscopy and laser-based techniques.
• To highlight the utility of thermal imaging in pathologies involving microclots and endothelial injury.

Main Methods:

• Review of physical principles underlying infrared thermal imaging.
• Summary of applications in peripheral circulation assessment.
• Comparative analysis with established microvascular assessment modalities.

Main Results:

• Infrared thermal imaging provides a rapid, contact-free visualization of temperature distributions reflecting blood flow.
• Thermal gradients serve as interpretable surrogates for perfusion heterogeneity and microvascular function.
• The technique shows utility across various pathologies linked to microclots and endothelial damage.

Conclusions:

• Infrared thermal imaging is a cost-effective and scalable tool for evaluating microcirculatory dysfunction.
• It offers a promising noninvasive approach for both research and clinical settings.
• The technology aids in understanding pathologies associated with microvascular impairment.