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Related Concept Videos

Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
Voltaic/Galvanic Cells02:47

Voltaic/Galvanic Cells

Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
Balancing Redox Equations02:58

Balancing Redox Equations

Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...

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Updated: May 15, 2026

A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery
09:49

A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery

Published on: February 13, 2017

Aqueous Polymer-Based Redox Flow Batteries: Status, Challenges, and Prospects.

Yi Lv1,2, Yuqing Zhang1, Liyi Shen1

  • 1School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.

Chempluschem
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aqueous polymer-based redox flow batteries (APRFBs) offer a safe, low-cost energy storage solution. Advances in redox-active polymers (RAPs) improve performance and stability, addressing key challenges for wider adoption.

Keywords:
hybrid redox flow batteryredox flow batteryredox‐active polymerwater‐soluble polymer

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
05:33

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Aqueous polymer-based redox flow batteries (APRFBs) are a promising alternative to traditional flow batteries.
  • Redox-active polymers (RAPs) enable safer, potentially lower-cost operation in noncorrosive electrolytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in redox-active polymer (RAP) design for APRFBs.
  • To analyze the impact of RAP design on electrolyte and device performance metrics.

Main Methods:

  • Summarizing recent progress in RAP design strategies.
  • Highlighting copolymerization, monomer engineering, and architecture engineering.
  • Discussing hybrid APRFB designs with metal anodes.

Main Results:

  • RAPs suppress crossover and enable operation in near-neutral electrolytes.
  • Copolymerization and monomer engineering enhance solubility, capacity, and reduce viscosity.
  • Architecture engineering improves transport and capacity retention.

Conclusions:

  • RAPs show significant potential for improving APRFB safety, cost, and performance.
  • Further research is needed to address polymer solubility, kinetics, stability, synthesis, and standardization.