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Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...

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Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer
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HERA: a web server for host element reference-based aligner.

Leidy-Alejandra G Molano1,2, Pascal Hirsch1, Andreas Keller1,2,3

  • 1Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany.

Nucleic Acids Research
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

HERA is a web server for comparing bacterial plasmids and circular DNA. It offers intuitive visualization and analysis of sequence similarity and genetic elements, simplifying comparative genomics for researchers.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Plasmids are crucial for bacterial adaptation and antimicrobial resistance spread.
  • Existing tools often lack plasmid-specific comparative analysis features.
  • There is a need for accessible, web-based plasmid analysis platforms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce HERA, a novel web server for plasmid visualization and comparison.
  • To provide an intuitive platform for comparative genomics of circular DNA molecules.
  • To facilitate the analysis of genetic elements and antimicrobial resistance dissemination.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes BLAST alignment against reference sequences for comparative analysis.
  • Employs interactive circular genome visualization.
  • Incorporates a plasmid-specific annotation pipeline for typing and detection.

Main Results:

  • HERA simplifies exploring sequence similarity and conserved regions in plasmids.
  • The tool identifies antimicrobial resistance genes, mobile elements, and replicon types.
  • Automatic selection of the most appropriate reference sequence is provided.

Conclusions:

  • HERA offers an accessible, web-based solution for plasmid comparative genomics.
  • The platform aids in understanding bacterial adaptation and antimicrobial resistance.
  • HERA supports researchers without requiring local computational infrastructure.