Pediatric Hair Cosmetics: Physiology, Safety, and Product Considerations

Pediatric hair care has particular challenges due to differences between children's hair and scalp and those of adults in physiology, structure, and barrier function. These differences support the need for evidence-based hair care.

This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on pediatric hair physiology, hair shaft structure, and the use of common hair products. Central physiologic aspects include lower sebum production, age-dependent changes in hair density, and structure-related variability among hair types. Age-related variations influence how hair care products interact with the hair shaft and scalp. We describe the main categories of hair cosmetics, addressing their classification, mechanisms of action, and ingredient effects on pediatric hair. Safety considerations include ocular tolerance, allergen and irritant potential, and concerns regarding endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Although individual ingredient exposure appears to be low, cumulative exposure and long-term effects remain insufficiently studied. Finally, we address cosmetic regulations in the USA and the European Union, noting the absence of age-specific policies. In this context, pediatric hair care should be need- and function-oriented rather than routine-driven.

Pediatric hair care requires gentle formulations with controlled pH, minimal irritant potential, and avoidance of sensitizing ingredients. Limited pediatric safety evidence highlights the need for clearer regulations and child-focused research.