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Vitamin D, systemic inflammation, and motoric cognitive risk: exploring the risk factors and mediation pathways

Yunhe Xu1, Pei Qin2, Ningqi Kang1

  • 1Second Clinical Medical College, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China.

Frontiers in Aging
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is linked to low vitamin D and high inflammation. Systemic inflammation partially explains how vitamin D deficiency increases MCR risk, especially in older adults.

Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Neuroscience
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is a predementia condition linked to cognitive and motor decline.
  • Vitamin D deficiency and systemic inflammation are implicated in MCR but their interaction is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between vitamin D levels, systemic inflammation, and MCR in hospitalized older adults.
  • To explore the mediating role of systemic inflammation in the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and MCR.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 312 hospitalized adults aged ≥60 years.
  • Serum 25(OH)D levels and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were measured.
  • Multivariable regression and mediation analyses were used to assess associations.

Main Results:

  • MCR prevalence was 17.9%.
  • Lower 25(OH)D levels and higher SII were independently associated with MCR.
  • Systemic inflammation mediated about 25% of the association between low vitamin D and MCR risk.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D deficiency and systemic inflammation are significant determinants of MCR.
  • A vitamin D-inflammation pathway may contribute to motoric cognitive vulnerability in older adults.
  • Findings suggest potential for early risk stratification and preventive strategies targeting these factors.
Keywords:
25-hydroxy vitamin Dmediation analysismotoric cognitive risk syndromesystemic immune-inflammation indexsystemic inflammation

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