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Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
04:19

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Published on: November 8, 2024

Ballistic Galeazzi Fractures: A Case Series.

Timothy Westbrooks1, Haley Tornberg1, Kevin Heo1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Gunshot wounds can cause Galeazzi fractures, defined as radial shaft fractures with distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) dislocation. Rigid fixation of the radius alone often stabilizes the DRUJ, even with significant shortening.

Keywords:
Galeazzi fractureballistic injurydistal radioulnar jointgunshot woundradial shaft fracture

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Trauma Management
  • Ballistic Injury Research

Background:

  • Galeazzi fractures are typically caused by high-energy trauma, rarely by ballistic mechanisms due to insufficient torsional forces.
  • Existing literature on gunshot-induced Galeazzi fractures consists primarily of isolated case reports.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the largest case series of Galeazzi fractures resulting from gunshot wounds.
  • To investigate the mechanism, management, and outcomes of these injuries.
  • To provide new insights into ballistic mechanisms causing Galeazzi fractures.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of six patients with Galeazzi fractures from low-velocity gunshot wounds.
  • All patients underwent operative fixation of the radial shaft with rigid internal fixation.
  • Intraoperative assessment of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) stability post-fixation.

Main Results:

  • Six patients (4 males, 2 females) aged 25-52 sustained these injuries.
  • All achieved fracture healing and functional forearm rotation with stable DRUJ post-fixation.
  • No patient required further surgery despite initial radial shortening.

Conclusions:

  • Ballistic mechanisms can cause Galeazzi fractures without classic torsional loading.
  • Rigid fixation of the radial shaft may suffice for DRUJ stability in these cases.
  • Fracture pattern, not just mechanism, should guide management decisions.