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Preparation of Biomimetic Shells from Biomass Based on Selective Laser Sintering Technology.

Long Shi^1,2, Jian Li¹, Hao Zhang¹

¹College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.

3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing

|May 14, 2026

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This study explored using food waste shells to create strong biomimetic materials. Laser sintering shell powder and polylactic acid (PLA) produced materials with mechanical properties rivaling natural shells.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Environmental Science
Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

Shell waste poses environmental challenges due to complex composition and limited recycling.
Developing high-value applications for shell waste is crucial for sustainability.
Natural shells exhibit unique mechanical properties that can be mimicked.

Purpose of the Study:

To comparatively analyze the mechanical properties of five natural shell types.
To investigate the laser sintering mechanism for shell powder and polylactic acid (PLA) composites.
To fabricate and evaluate biomimetic shells with enhanced mechanical performance.

Main Methods:

Collected and processed five types of natural shells (veined red snail, mussel, oyster, scallop, green willow clam) into powders.

Keywords:

biomass composite materials biomimetic shells laser sintering polylactic acid.

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Combined shell powders with polylactic acid (PLA) to create composite materials.

Utilized laser sintering to fabricate five types of biomimetic shells.

Tested flexural strength and compressive load capacity of the fabricated biomimetic shells and compared them to natural shells and pure PLA.

Main Results:

Flexural strength decreased in the order: veined red snail > mussel > scallop > green willow clam > oyster.
Laser-sintered shell powder/PLA composites exhibited flexural strengths of 8.6, 8.1, 7.6, 6.9, and 6.1 MPa, exceeding pure PLA.
3D-printed biomimetic shells demonstrated significant compressive load capacity compared to natural counterparts, with veined red snail reaching 76.69% and oyster reaching 5.57 times their natural load capacities.

Conclusions:

Shell waste can be valorized into high-performance biomimetic materials using laser sintering.
The mechanical properties of fabricated biomimetic shells closely mimic their natural counterparts.
This approach offers a sustainable solution for shell waste management and the development of advanced biomaterials.