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Updated: May 15, 2026

Purification and Visualization of Lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative Bacteria by Hot Aqueous-phenol Extraction
Published on: May 28, 2012
Structural Basis of Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Chain Length Modality
Benjamin Wiseman1, Göran Widmalm2, Martin Högbom1
1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
None:
Lipopolysaccharides are important components of the gram-negative bacterial cell envelope that are involved in immune evasion and act as a protective barrier. Employing cryo-electron microscopy, we resolved the structure and dynamics of FepE, the copolymerase component of the Wzy-dependent pathway, responsible for the length modulation of very long O-antigen molecules. Comparison of the interior volumes of related copolymerases' periplasmic domains with the volume of hydrated sugars suggests that the size of the periplasmic domain controls the length of the O-antigen, implying that polysaccharide chain polymerization occurs inside the copolymerase periplasmic domain. Moreover, we show the opening of the FepE complex as well as other large mechanistically relevant movements. The opening of the complex presents an attractive corridor for the release of completed polysaccharide chains.
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