Artificial intelligence in anesthesiology education: transformative applications, challenges, and future perspectives

Artificial intelligence offers the potential to revolutionize anesthesiology education by enabling precision education, a data-driven approach to tailor learning experiences to individual needs, thereby moving beyond the constraints of traditional pedagogical methods. This review examines the emerging applications and potential impact of AI-driven technologies, from virtual reality simulators that facilitate deliberate practice of complex procedures to machine learning platforms that enable precision education and objective competency assessment. We highlight how these tools enhance procedural fluency, clinical reasoning, and educational management. Nevertheless, this technological advancement is accompanied by profound challenges, including the risks of de-skilling, the perpetuation of algorithmic biases, data security vulnerabilities, and issues of equitable access. We argue that AI's role is as an augmentative tool, empowering educators to provide more personalized feedback and facilitate higher-order skill development, while also raising crucial ethical considerations. Navigating the future of anesthesiology education requires a balanced approach: embracing the benefits of AI while implementing robust governance to mitigate its risks, thereby fostering a new generation of anesthesiologists equipped to leverage technology for superior patient care. To this end, future research should prioritize rigorous validation of AI tools in clinical settings and focus on ethical guidelines for responsible AI implementation.