Recurrent Sesquiterpenes in Siparuna guianensis Essential Oil: Therapeutic Potential and Pharmacokinetic Insights

Siparuna guianensis is a neotropical medicinal plant traditionally used for inflammatory and infectious conditions, and its essential oil (EO) has been investigated for diverse biological activities, particularly antimicrobial, antiparasitic, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. However, the scientific evidence remains fragmented and predominantly preclinical, with limited integration between chemical recurrence, biological focus, and pharmacokinetic feasibility. This study performed a bibliometric review specifically of the literature on the EO of S. guianensis indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection and integrated it with an in silico pharmacokinetic assessment of recurrent major EO constituents. Bibliometric indicators were analyzed to identify publication trends, research focus, and knowledge gaps. Major compounds reported across studies were compiled, with emphasis on recurrent sesquiterpenes, and key ADME-related parameters, including lipophilicity, aqueous solubility, Caco-2 permeability, and intestinal absorption, were predicted using SwissADME and pkCSM. Eleven eligible articles were included, revealing a limited but thematically consistent research landscape, largely dominated by in vitro investigations conducted in South America. Sesquiterpenes such as germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, and spathulenol were recurrently identified as major constituents, while β-caryophyllene, α-copaene, α-humulene, α-muurolene, δ-cadinene, iso-shyobunone, and epishyobunone were also reported among the relevant EO components and may represent candidate chemical markers. Taken together, these sesquiterpenes highlight the therapeutic potential of the EO, particularly regarding antimicrobial, antiparasitic, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective applications. In silico predictions indicated predominantly lipophilic profiles, low-to-moderate aqueous solubility, high predicted Caco-2 permeability, and elevated intestinal absorption, supporting pharmacokinetic feasibility while highlighting formulation-related limitations. Overall, this work consolidates bibliometric, chemical, and pharmacokinetic evidence specifically related to the EO of S. guianensis and supports its rational interpretation as a source of bioactive volatile constituents, particularly recurrent sesquiterpenes with therapeutic promise, reinforcing the need for experimental pharmacokinetic validation, toxicological assessment, and in vivo efficacy studies.