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Synergistic Lewis Acid Photocatalysis Over Cluster-Defect-Engineered UiO-66 for Efficient Liquid Biomass Upgrading.

Hao Wang¹, Li-Long Zhang¹, Haimei Xu^2,3

¹State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, State-Local Joint Laboratory For Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center For R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China.

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|May 14, 2026

Summary

Cluster-defect engineering (CDE) enhances metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for visible-light photocatalysis. This strategy improves biodiesel production from oleic acid (OA) and methanol, achieving high yields with stable and reusable catalysts.

Keywords:

UiO‐66 biodiesel cluster defect engineering lewis acid photocatalysis

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Catalysis
Renewable Energy

Background:

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess intrinsic limitations in photocatalysis.
Defect engineering offers a promising approach to enhance MOF performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a cluster-defect engineering (CDE) strategy for modifying UiO-66 MOFs.
To improve visible-light photocatalytic activity for biodiesel production.

Main Methods:

Incorporation of Zn into UiO-66 followed by selective acid etching to create defect-rich A/(Zn,Zr)UiO-66.
Optical and photoelectrochemical analyses to characterize the modified MOFs.
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate reaction mechanisms.

Main Results:

CDE resulted in hierarchical porous architectures and abundant Lewis acid sites.
The modified MOFs exhibited broadened visible-light harvesting, a narrowed bandgap, and prolonged carrier lifetimes.
Optimized A/(Zn,Zr)UiO-66-0.2 achieved a 99.3% biodiesel yield from oleic acid esterification with methanol under mild conditions, showing superior stability and reusability.

Conclusions:

CDE is an effective strategy for tailoring MOF electronic configuration and interfacial chemistry.
The developed catalysts offer a versatile platform for visible-light-driven biomass upgrading and sustainable fuel production.
The study demonstrates the potential of defect engineering in advancing photocatalytic applications.