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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

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Updated: May 15, 2026

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
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Published on: May 12, 2023

Reduced Symmetry Metal-Organic Cage-to-Framework Materials.

Cameron J T Cox1, Aaron H Bernardino2, Louise Male1

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Molecular Sciences Building, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel 3D organic cage linkers for Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). These semi-rigid linkers enable diverse MOF architectures, including porous 3D networks, advancing framework material design.

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
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Published on: May 12, 2023

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Traditional Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) utilize rigid, 2D linkers, limiting architectural diversity.
  • The restricted linker pool restricts the range of achievable MOF structures and properties.
  • Developing new linker types is crucial for expanding the scope of MOF applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the use of semi-rigid, 3D organic cages as linkers in MOF synthesis.
  • To investigate how minor structural modifications in cage linkers influence MOF architecture.
  • To introduce low-symmetry and chiral porosity into framework materials.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of organic cages featuring 1,2,3-triazole struts.
  • Coordination of these cages with Ag(I) ions to form MOFs.
  • Crystallographic analysis to determine the resulting MOF structures.

Main Results:

  • Successful incorporation of semi-rigid cage linkers into Ag(I)-based MOFs.
  • Observed diverse MOF architectures including 2D honeycomb, 2D corrugated sheets, and interpenetrated 3D networks.
  • Demonstrated that remote structural modifications in cages significantly alter MOF topology.

Conclusions:

  • Semi-rigid, reduced-symmetry cage linkers can be effectively used in MOF construction.
  • This approach allows for the creation of novel MOF architectures not accessible with traditional linkers.
  • Provides a pathway for designing framework materials with intrinsic low-symmetry and chiral porosity.