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Updated: May 16, 2026

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Dehydration-Driven Self-Curling for Programmable Multimetallic 3D Architectures.

Nan Sun1, Qikun Li2, Dongchen Tan1

  • 1Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel dehydration-driven self-curling method to create complex 3D metallic architectures from metal-hydrogel precursors. This technique enables programmable shape morphing and high fidelity for advanced wireless communication components.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • 3D metallic architectures are crucial for wireless communication and multifunctional devices.
  • Fabricating complex, mechanically stable, and diverse multimetallic structures is challenging due to interfacial issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a dehydration-driven self-curling strategy for programmable 3D metallic architectures.
  • To enable high-fidelity shape retention in multimetallic systems.
  • To demonstrate the application of these architectures in radio frequency antennas.

Main Methods:

  • Direct-writing of metal-hydrogel precursors.
  • Inducing through-thickness asymmetry in water content for deterministic shape morphing.
  • Calcination and atmosphere-controlled reduction to form dense metallic structures.
Keywords:
3D metal architecturesRF antennasdehydration‐driven assemblymultimetallic integrationprogrammable morphing

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

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Main Results:

  • Achieved bending curvatures up to 0.45 mm-1 and volumetric shrinkage of 56.5%.
  • Demonstrated post-conversion dimensional fidelities exceeding 90%.
  • Fabricated self-curling Cu/Ni composite tubes functioning as antennas with resonances at 1.575 and 2.4 GHz.

Conclusions:

  • The dehydration-driven self-curling strategy offers a practical route for programmable multimetallic 3D architectures.
  • This method decouples geometric programming from material conversion, ensuring high shape fidelity.
  • The resulting metallic architectures are suitable for advanced applications like radio frequency antennas.