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Tuning Solid-State Emission via Alkoxy Chain Modulation: Switching ACQ to AIE by Restricting Intermolecular Motion

Harshita Mehar1, Shashank Kumar Mishra1, Krishanu Bandyopadhyay2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subtle alkoxy chain changes in organic luminogens can switch emission from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) to aggregation-induced emission (AIE). This study highlights how minor structural modifications impact solid-state photophysical properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Photophysics

Background:

  • Substituent modifications significantly impact organic luminogen photophysical behavior in aggregated states.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for designing novel luminescent materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of minor alkoxy substitution on the emission properties of carbohydrazide-salicylaldehyde derivatives.
  • To elucidate the relationship between molecular structure, intermolecular interactions, and aggregation-dependent emission characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of methoxy (CDMS) and ethoxy (CDES) substituted carbohydrazide-salicylaldehyde derivatives.
  • UV-visible absorption and emission spectroscopy in solution and solid states.
  • Aggregation studies using THF/water mixtures.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Hirshfeld surface analyses.

Main Results:

  • CDMS and CDES showed similar solution absorption but divergent emission behaviors.
  • CDMS exhibited solution emission quenched in solid state (ACQ), while CDES showed weak solution emission and strong solid-state emission (AIE).
  • CDES crystal packing featured higher intermolecular contacts and hydrogen bonding; CDMS showed closer π-π interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Minimal alkoxy chain elongation can modulate intermolecular packing and switch emission from ACQ to AIE.
  • Structural modifications, even subtle ones, are key to controlling photophysical properties in organic materials.
  • This work provides insights into designing organic luminogens with tunable aggregation-induced emission properties.