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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

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Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

Stockmayer fluid with a shifted dipole. II. Interfacial behavior.

Samuel Varner1, Pierre J Walker1, Ananya Venkatachalam2

  • 1Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The dipole shift in Stockmayer fluids significantly alters molecular orientation and interfacial polarization. Surprisingly, increasing dipole strength can invert the electric field and potential difference across the liquid-vapor interface.

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Microtensiometer for Confocal Microscopy Visualization of Dynamic Interfaces
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Microtensiometer for Confocal Microscopy Visualization of Dynamic Interfaces

Published on: September 9, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

Microtensiometer for Confocal Microscopy Visualization of Dynamic Interfaces
08:05

Microtensiometer for Confocal Microscopy Visualization of Dynamic Interfaces

Published on: September 9, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Understanding liquid-vapor interfaces is crucial for various physical and chemical processes.
  • The Stockmayer fluid model is a standard for simulating systems with both short-range repulsion and long-range dipole-dipole interactions.
  • Investigating the impact of dipole asymmetry is key to refining these models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the equilibrium properties of the liquid-vapor interface in shifted-dipole Stockmayer fluids.
  • To analyze the influence of dipole moment strength and asymmetry on interfacial characteristics.
  • To explore molecular orientation and ordering at the interface.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations were performed in the canonical ensemble.
  • Equilibrium interfacial properties such as density profiles and order parameters were computed.
  • Angular distribution functions were calculated to analyze molecular orientation.

Main Results:

  • The dipole shift significantly alters molecular orientation and polar order, while nematic order remains largely unaffected.
  • A simple image-dipole construct accurately predicts the qualitative behavior of distribution functions.
  • The spontaneous interfacial polarization and generated electric field can change sign with increasing dipole moment strength, inverting the interfacial potential difference.

Conclusions:

  • The dipole shift in Stockmayer fluids has a profound effect on interfacial properties and molecular ordering.
  • The findings highlight the sensitivity of interfacial phenomena to dipole characteristics.
  • The study provides a theoretical framework and simulation insights into complex fluid interfaces.