Reflections of Cultural Differences on Nursing Care: A Systematic Review of International Quantitative Evidence

This systematic review examined the effects of cultural differences in nursing care on care quality, communication, trust, patient satisfaction, and professional competence, based on quantitative research. The study was conducted as a Systematic Review. A search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Dimensions AI databases covering the years 2015-2024. A total of 27 quantitative studies meeting the criteria were included. It was observed that individual variables such as demographic characteristics, foreign language proficiency, and international experience enhance cultural competence. In nursing education, cultural competence courses and practice-oriented training methods were found to yield significant improvements in the knowledge, awareness, skills, and attitude levels of nursing students. Furthermore, studies reported that culturally sensitive nursing practices increase patient trust. It is evident that care quality can be improved and cultural awareness/competence can be ensured not only through individual approaches but also through organizational culture and educational policies. The findings indicate that strengthening cultural awareness, empathy, ethical sensitivity, and communication dimensions makes significant contributions to the development of culturally safe nursing practices.