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Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside attenuates paradoxical sleep deprivation-associated behavioral deficits and
Jacinta Nkechi Obimma1, Theresa Ezedom2, Uche Dennis-Eboh2
1Department of Physiology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
Objectives:
Paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) elicits oxidative-inflammatory stress, causing neuro-behavioral impairment. Dietary cyanidine-3-O-glucoside (C3G) alleviates oxidative-inflammatory stress-associated brain damage. This study, for the first time, explored whether C3G provides a preventive influence against behavioral deficits and hippocampal/prefrontal oxidative-inflammatory changes in PSD rats and the possible involvement of tryptophan catabolism.
Methods:
Wistar rats were divided into control, PSD + fluoxetine-treated (10 mg/kg), PSD + C3G (50 mg/kg), PSD + C3G (100 mg/kg), and C3G (100 mg/kg) groups (n = 8). After three weeks of PSD/REM-selective paradigm (7am - 7pm), using modified multiple platform technique (MMP), behavioral analyses were conducted for cognitive, anxiety, and depressive-like behavior; subsequently, animals were sacrificed, and the brain sections (hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) were excised for biochemical and histology analyses. In silico analyses for the interaction of C3G and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was conducted.
Results:
C3G treatment prevented alterations in behavioral indices, cortical and hippocampal histological damage, purinergic and acetylcholine hydrolysis, oxidative-inflammatory stress, and tryptophan catabolism, caused by PSD. The in-silico investigations accentuated the C3G and tryptophan catabolism enzyme (IDO) interaction.
Conclusion:
C3G protects the PSD rat brain regions by preventing oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitigating hydrolysis of ATP and AMP, in addition to regulating IDO activity/expression to alleviate behavioral impairment and alterations in histological features of the cortical and hippocampal regions of the brain.
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