Point-of-care SERS platforms: integrating microfluidics and machine learning for disease screening

With the continuous advancement of research on life systems and disease mechanisms, analytical technologies are now moving toward the resolution of single molecules and individual genes. Among them, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has garnered widespread interest because of its ultrahigh sensitivity, allowing even single-molecule detection. When integrated with microfluidics, SERS-based platforms combine the strengths of both techniques, offering complementary and synergistic effects. This integration enables rapid, non-invasive, ultrasensitive, and high-throughput analysis of biological samples, which is highly valuable for biomedical research and potential clinical applications. Consequently, this interdisciplinary approach has emerged as a major focus of current investigations. In this review, we outline recent developments and applications of microfluidic SERS systems in bioanalysis. The discussion first introduces the basic concepts and classifications of SERS-microfluidic strategies, such as continuous-flow, microarray, droplet-based, lateral flow assay (LFA), and digital formats. We then highlight their applications in biomolecular detection, cellular analysis, and disease diagnostics. Overall, the evidence suggests that microfluidic SERS platforms represent a powerful and promising tool for advancing bioanalytical science.