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Related Concept Videos

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
Chirality02:25

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid. The...
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...

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Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
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Confined labyrinthine pattern in chiral liquid crystal droplets.

M Rubio-Saldías1, V Fernandez-Gonzalez1, M G Clerc1

  • 1Departamento de Física and Millennium Institute for Research in Optics, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 487-3, Santiago, Chile. martin.rubio.s@ug.uchile.cl.

Soft Matter
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Complex patterns form in energy-driven systems. This study explores labyrinthine patterns in chiral liquid crystal droplets, using theory and simulations to understand confined textures.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Complex Systems
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Energy-injecting and dissipating systems exhibit self-organization into complex spatial patterns.
  • Labyrinthine patterns display local order but lack global order.
  • Chiral liquid crystals are known for forming intricate textures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the formation of confined textures in temperature-driven chiral liquid crystal droplets.
  • To theoretically describe the observed labyrinthine patterns near the winding/unwinding transition.
  • To understand the influence of droplet geometry on texture formation.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of texture formation in chiral liquid crystal droplets under controlled temperature changes.
  • Theoretical analysis using an amplitude equation with inhomogeneous coefficients to model confined systems.
  • Numerical simulations of the derived amplitude equation.

Main Results:

  • Observed textures were predominantly labyrinthine patterns.
  • The theoretical model, incorporating confinement effects, showed qualitative agreement with experimental findings.
  • The winding/unwinding transition region provided a simplified description for texture formation.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully characterized labyrinthine pattern formation in confined chiral liquid crystal droplets.
  • A theoretical framework was established to describe these patterns, considering geometric confinement.
  • The findings provide new insights into confined textures across diverse geometric setups.