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Anatomy of the Heart

Anatomy of the Heart

The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Preclinical Cardiac Electrophysiology Assessment by Dual Voltage and Calcium Optical Mapping of Human Organotypic Cardiac Slices

Preclinical Cardiac Electrophysiology Assessment by Dual Voltage and Calcium Optical Mapping of Human Organotypic Cardiac Slices

Published on: June 16, 2020

Anatomically Accurate, Humanized Arrhythmia Modeling: Toward Organ Engineering

Arman Nobacht¹, Antoine A F de Vries¹, Daniël A Pijnappels^1,2

¹Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.

Circulation Research

|May 14, 2026

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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