The future digital outpatient clinic for movement disorders: from technological innovation to ethical and systemic...

The digital transformation of healthcare is rapidly reshaping neurology, particularly in the field of movement disorders, where continuous monitoring, long disease trajectories, and complex multimodal care create a high demand for innovative solutions. Wearable sensors, digital diagnostics, app-based therapeutics, and integrated hybrid care networks and digital supported care pathways promise earlier diagnosis, personalized treatment and care management, and improved long-term outcomes. However, real-world implementation in managed outpatient care remains fragmented and faces major barriers beyond pure technological feasibility. This position paper critically reviews the current state of digital technologies in movement disorder care, identifies key systemic, ethical, and economic roadblocks, and proposes a pragmatic roadmap toward a realistic and ethically sound digital outpatient clinic. We argue that the future digital clinic will not be defined solely by technical progress, but by how consciously healthcare systems integrate digital tools to hybrid care solutions while preserving human-centered, equitable, and evidence-based care.