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Related Concept Videos

Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...
Protecting Self-Esteem01:27

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Self-esteem, a central component of psychological well-being, is actively maintained through various cognitive and behavioral strategies. Individuals employ specific mechanisms to preserve a positive self-concept and mitigate threats to their self-worth, particularly in contexts involving social evaluation or personal feedback. Four primary techniques are commonly used to sustain self-esteem.Manipulating AppraisalsOne prominent strategy involves manipulating appraisals from others. Individuals...
Behavior Modification01:21

Behavior Modification

Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
A real-world application of operant conditioning principles is applied...
Adler's Individual Psychology01:28

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Alfred Adler, a prominent figure in psychology, founded the school of individual psychology. In contrast to Freud's emphasis on sexual or aggressive motives, Adler suggested that individuals are primarily motivated by their purposes and goals. He believed that people strive for perfection rather than pleasure. Adler argued that individuals could creatively act upon their genetic inheritance and environmental experiences to shape their own lives, emphasizing conscious motivation over unconscious...
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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors
15:00

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Compensating for Shortcomings?: Height and Its Behavioral Compensation Strategies.

Daniel Talbot1, Peter K Jonason2

  • 1Australian Catholic University.

The Journal of Social Psychology
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Height dissatisfaction, like weight concerns, leads to compensatory behaviors. Shorter stature and greater dissatisfaction correlate with more appearance management strategies, especially in males.

Keywords:
Body dissatisfactionbody imagecompensatory behaviorsheightheight dissatisfaction

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Body Image Research
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Body dissatisfaction commonly drives compensatory behaviors in modifiable areas like weight.
  • Research on dissatisfaction with fixed traits, such as height, and its behavioral impacts is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between individuals' height, height dissatisfaction, and their engagement in appearance management strategies.
  • To explore how gender influences these relationships.

Main Methods:

  • A community sample of 328 Australian adults completed validated measures of height, height dissatisfaction, and six compensatory appearance management behaviors.
  • Statistical analyses were used to examine the associations between height, dissatisfaction, and behaviors, including mediation and moderation by gender.

Main Results:

  • Shorter height and greater height dissatisfaction were significantly linked to increased use of compensatory behaviors, particularly among males.
  • Height dissatisfaction was a stronger predictor than actual height for most strategies and mediated the link between height and fat-reduction behaviors.
  • Gendered patterns emerged, with males favoring muscularity and height-enhancement, and taller females engaging in concealment behaviors like slouching.

Conclusions:

  • Height dissatisfaction is an overlooked but significant body image concern with tangible behavioral consequences.
  • Findings suggest the need for broader, more inclusive body image frameworks that address dissatisfaction with fixed physical traits.
  • Gendered societal norms regarding height appear to influence compensatory strategies.