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Related Concept Videos

The Vestibular System01:29

The Vestibular System

The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the posterior columns...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
07:24

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

[Vestibular cortex and vestibular agnosia].

R G Esin1, O R Esin1,2, L R Sakhapova3

  • 1Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This review maps the vestibular cortex, a network of brain regions crucial for sensing movement. It also introduces vestibular agnosia, a condition affecting movement perception despite intact reflexes.

Keywords:
agnosiavestibular agnosiavestibular cortex

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • The vestibular system is essential for balance and spatial orientation.
  • Understanding the neural correlates of vestibular processing is an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current literature on the structural organization of the human vestibular cortex.
  • To discuss the newly described clinical phenomenon of vestibular agnosia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating vestibular cortex activation.
  • Analysis of brain imaging and stimulation techniques (caloric, galvanic, auditory).

Main Results:

  • At least ten distinct brain regions respond to vestibular stimulation.
  • Key vestibular regions are located in the lateral sulcus, perisylvian cortex, somatosensory cortex, parietal lobe, frontal lobe, extrastriate cortex, cingulate gyrus, and hippocampus.
  • These regions collectively form a broad, multisensory vestibular cortex network.

Conclusions:

  • The vestibular cortex is a widespread network integrating vestibular information with other sensory modalities.
  • Vestibular agnosia, characterized by impaired movement perception with preserved reflexes, presents a novel clinical challenge.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying vestibular agnosia.