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HIV and Substance Use Reduction for Youth Experiencing Homelessness: Development and Usability Study.

Diane Santa Maria1, Michael Businelle2, Natasha Slesnick3

  • 1Cizik School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6901 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, United States, 1 713-500-2002.

JMIR Formative Research
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed tailored HIV prevention and substance use messages for homeless youth using a mobile app. Co-developing content with youth and AI proved effective for scalable digital health interventions.

Keywords:
HIV preventionintervention developmentjust-in-time adaptive interventionsubstance use preventionyouth experiencing homelessness

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Digital Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Youth experiencing homelessness are at high risk for HIV and substance use.
  • Mobile health interventions are underutilized for this population.
  • Few interventions use behavioral theory for message development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and refine theory-driven, tailored HIV prevention and substance use reduction messages.
  • To create content for the MY-RIDE (Motivating Youth to Reduce Infections, Disconnections, and Emotional dysregulation) mobile app.
  • To support youth experiencing homelessness aged 18-25 years.

Main Methods:

  • Messages were developed and pilot-tested (Phase 1).
  • Content was expanded with expert input (Phase 2).
  • Youth reviewed and approved messages (Phase 3), with AI supplementing content (Phase 4).

Main Results:

  • An initial 386 messages expanded to 888 messages across 10 categories.
  • Youth approved 93% of reviewed messages.
  • AI tools supplemented message library.

Conclusions:

  • Tailored messages were integrated into the MY-RIDE app for real-time delivery.
  • Co-development with youth and AI is feasible and effective for marginalized populations.
  • This approach supports scalable, theory-based digital health strategies.