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Updated: May 16, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

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Published on: November 20, 2015

Late preterm birth: how big is the problem?

Christina Resta1, Nicole Moriarty2, Kruti Nandu1

  • 1Women's Services, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Late preterm birth (34-36 weeks) is common and carries significant risks. These infants face higher rates of neonatal complications and long-term health issues compared to full-term babies.

Keywords:
BirthNewbornPremature infant

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Perinatology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Late preterm birth (34–36 weeks) is the most common form of preterm birth globally.
  • These infants are often considered low-risk, but evidence shows significant morbidity and mortality compared to term infants.
  • Persistent physiological and developmental immaturity underlies these increased risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on late preterm birth.
  • To synthesize information on its epidemiology, causes, and short- and long-term health consequences.
  • To highlight this under-recognized high-risk population.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review.
  • Synthesis of epidemiological data.
  • Analysis of short- and long-term morbidity and mortality studies.

Main Results:

  • Late preterm infants experience higher rates of neonatal complications (respiratory issues, jaundice, feeding problems, infections).
  • Increased risks extend beyond the neonatal period, including chronic respiratory and cardiometabolic diseases, and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • Excess mortality risk may persist into adulthood.

Conclusions:

  • Late preterm infants represent a majority of preterm births but remain under-recognized.
  • Enhanced awareness and information dissemination are crucial for families and professionals.
  • Timely identification of short- and long-term effects across the lifespan is recommended.