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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Simultaneous Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
10:25

Simultaneous Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 5, 2017

Multipair phase-modulated temporal interference electrical stimulation combined with fMRI.

Iurii Savvateev1, Florian Missey2, Valeriia Beliaeva1

  • 1Decision Neuroscience Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Cell Systems
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Temporal interference stimulation (TIS) precisely targets brain regions like the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in mice. A novel electrode configuration improves TIS focality, reducing unwanted off-target effects for enhanced neuromodulation research.

Keywords:
TIS electrophysiologyTIS modelingTIS neurostimulationTIS with BOLD-fMRI in rodentsmultipair temporal interferencerodent calcium imagingrodent fMRItemporal interference stimulation

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Temporal interference stimulation (TIS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique.
  • While TIS shows promise for deep brain targeting in humans, animal studies reveal potential off-target effects with standard protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To computationally optimize TIS for targeting the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in mice.
  • To investigate and mitigate off-target stimulation effects of TIS.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling of TIS targeting.
  • In vivo electrophysiological recordings and fiber photometry (intracellular calcium dynamics).
  • Functional MRI (fMRI) to assess hemodynamic responses.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed TIS-induced amplitude modulation, neuronal entrainment, and hemodynamic responses in the mouse mPFC.
  • Identified off-target modulations with standard TIS protocols.
  • A novel three-electrode configuration with a 180° phase-shifted canceling field enhanced TIS focality and reduced off-target effects.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized TIS protocols can effectively target the mouse mPFC.
  • The novel canceling field configuration significantly improves TIS focality and reduces off-target effects.
  • This advancement addresses a key limitation of TIS, paving the way for improved research and clinical applications.