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In-Hospital Neonatal Head Injury: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Iuri Corsini1, Martina Cecchetti2, Martina Giacalone2

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Hospital Pediatrics
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

In-hospital neonatal head injuries from falls are usually not severe but lead to extensive imaging and longer hospital stays. Targeted prevention and standardized protocols are needed.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Pediatric Traumatology
  • Hospital Safety

Background:

  • In-hospital neonatal head injuries are rare but serious.
  • Limited data exists on their mechanisms, management, and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the mechanisms, management, and outcomes of in-hospital neonatal head injuries.
  • To evaluate the utility of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) rule in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 39 newborns with in-hospital head trauma across 15 Italian maternity units (2017-2021).
  • Data collected on injury mechanisms, clinical presentation, neuroimaging, and outcomes.
  • Retrospective application of the PECARN rule to assess clinically important traumatic brain injury (ciTBI) risk.

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Main Results:

  • Most injuries (64.1%) occurred at night in rooming-in units.
  • Ten neonates (25.6%) had ciTBI; none required surgery or had sequelae.
  • Imaging was common (89.7%), and hospitalization was prolonged (median 86 hours).

Conclusions:

  • In-hospital neonatal head injuries are generally low-severity but result in significant diagnostic workup and extended hospitalization.
  • Highlights the need for improved prevention strategies and standardized evaluation protocols for neonatal head trauma.