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Related Concept Videos

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events, are a...
Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual remembers mundane...
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment
08:25

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment

Published on: December 6, 2024

Post-traumatic stress disorder.

Kerry J Ressler1, Barbara O Rothbaum2, Paula P Schnurr3,4

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA. kressler@mclean.harvard.edu.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychiatric condition following trauma. This review covers PTSD epidemiology, neurobiology, and effective treatment strategies for adults.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment
08:25

Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment

Published on: December 6, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychiatric condition triggered by traumatic events.
  • It manifests as intrusive memories, avoidance, negative mood changes, and hyperarousal.
  • PTSD affects millions globally, with higher prevalence in trauma survivors, and is linked to other mental and physical health issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults.
  • To examine the epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, and neurobiological underpinnings of PTSD.
  • To discuss current and emerging treatment modalities for PTSD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological data on PTSD prevalence.
  • Analysis of neurobiological and genetic mechanisms implicated in PTSD.
  • Synthesis of findings on pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions for PTSD.

Main Results:

  • PTSD has a significant lifetime prevalence, particularly in high-risk populations.
  • Neurobiological research reveals alterations in neural circuitry and genetic factors contributing to PTSD.
  • Multiple treatment options, including medication and psychotherapy, show efficacy in managing PTSD symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • PTSD is a prevalent and complex disorder with significant public health implications.
  • Understanding the neurobiology of PTSD is crucial for developing targeted treatments.
  • A combination of evidence-based treatments offers effective management for adults with PTSD.