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Related Concept Videos

Active Filters01:25

Active Filters

Active filters are electronic circuits that use operational amplifiers (op-amps), resistors, and capacitors to filter out unwanted frequency components from a signal. A first-order low-pass active filter is designed to pass signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuate frequencies higher than that cutoff frequency. The transfer function for a first-order low-pass active filter is:
Passive Filters01:27

Passive Filters

Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
Low-Pass Filters
Low-pass filters are designed to transmit signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency, ωc, and attenuate those above it. The cutoff frequency...
Design Example01:23

Design Example

The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
Voltage Dividers01:14

Voltage Dividers

In electrical circuits, resistors can be connected in series, sequentially linked one after the other. In a series configuration, the same current flows through each resistor. Ohm's law is a fundamental principle to understand the behavior of resistors in series. It expresses the voltage across these resistors in terms of the current and resistance.
Kirchhoff's voltage law implies that the sum of the voltages across the resistors in series equals the source voltage. This means that the current...
Clipper Circuit01:18

Clipper Circuit

A clipper circuit is a fundamental wave-shaping device that harnesses the unique properties of diodes to alter and control waveform characteristics. This technology is widely used in electronic devices, especially in television and radar communication systems, where it enhances waveform modulation in both transmitters and receivers.
The operation of a clipper circuit can be exemplified by analyzing a dual-clipper configuration setup that integrates two ideal diodes, each paired with a biasing...
Schottky Barrier Diode01:27

Schottky Barrier Diode

Schottky barrier diodes are specialized semiconductor devices characterized by their unique construction. This construction involves combining a metal layer with a moderately doped n-type semiconductor material. This combination leads to the formation of a Schottky barrier, a pivotal element that defines the diode's operational characteristics. The core functionality of Schottky barrier diodes is their capacity to allow current to flow in only one direction due to their distinctive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters
15:25

Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters

Published on: February 4, 2018

Electronically switchable band tuned filtering power divider for Sub-6 GHz applications.

Rohit Mathur1, Dilip Kumar Choudhary2

  • 1School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India. r4rohitmathur@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a compact, electronically switchable filtering power divider (FPD) for Sub-6 GHz wireless systems. The novel design enables adaptive spectrum flexibility, reducing hardware complexity and improving performance for next-generation wireless front ends.

Keywords:
6GFiltering power dividerIsolationNarrowbandWideband

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Published on: January 19, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Radio Frequency (RF) Engineering
  • Microwave Engineering

Background:

  • Conventional multi-band receivers face challenges with increased loss, complexity, and footprint due to separate narrowband and wideband chains.
  • Adaptive and spectrum-flexible RF hardware is crucial for evolving Sub-6 GHz wireless front ends.
  • Miniaturization and electronic tunability are key requirements for modern wireless communication systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a compact, electronically switchable filtering power divider (FPD) for Sub-6 GHz wireless applications.
  • To integrate a bandpass filter with a power divider core for adaptive frequency selection.
  • To achieve size reduction and electronic switching capabilities for enhanced RF hardware.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of a folded-resonator bandpass filter with a Wilkinson-based power divider core.
  • Utilizing inverted S-shaped and modified C-shaped resonator elements for miniaturization.
  • Employing four PIN diodes in a step-impedance resonating structure for electronic switching between wideband and narrowband modes.

Main Results:

  • Wideband operation (2.9 GHz center, 34.4% bandwidth) with 1.4 dB insertion loss and >10 dB isolation in diode-OFF state.
  • Narrowband operation (2.35 GHz center) with >20 dB return loss and >10 dB isolation in diode-ON state.
  • Achieved miniaturization with an electrical size of 0.14λ₀ × 0.18λ₀.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed filtering power divider offers electronically tunable wideband and narrowband responses.
  • The design achieves miniaturization, equal power division, high isolation, and electronic selectivity.
  • This FPD is suitable for adaptive and spectrum-flexible RF hardware in Sub-6 GHz wireless front ends.