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Gamma knife knowledge-based planning with isocenter selection.

Binghao Zhang1, Mark Ruschin2, Timothy C Y Chan1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Medical Physics
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new knowledge-based planning (KBP) pipeline for Gamma Knife (GK) radiosurgery optimizes isocenter selection and beam-on times. This automated approach yields treatment plans equal or superior to manual methods, streamlining GK planning.

Keywords:
Gamma Knifeknowledge‐based planningoptimization

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Area of Science:

  • Radiosurgery
  • Medical Physics
  • Deep Learning in Medicine

Background:

  • Gamma Knife (GK) radiosurgery planning balances dose distribution and treatment time.
  • Current methods include manual forward planning, inverse planning, and knowledge-based planning (KBP).
  • Existing KBP for GK uses 3D dose prediction but relies on manual isocenter selection, limiting plan quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive KBP pipeline for GK.
  • Integrate 3D dose prediction with simultaneous optimization of isocenter locations and beam-on times.

Main Methods:

  • A deep learning model generated 3D dose predictions for 20 patients.
  • A mixed-integer model (GK-KBP-OptIso) optimized isocenter selection and beam-on time.
  • Plans were compared against KBP with fixed isocenters (GK-KBP-FixIso) and historical clinical plans.

Main Results:

  • GK-KBP-OptIso achieved comparable conformity to GK-KBP-FixIso with improved dose falloff.
  • When allowed variable isocenters, GK-KBP-OptIso produced higher conformity plans than clinical plans.
  • Treatment times were comparable or slightly increased compared to manual methods.

Conclusions:

  • A KBP pipeline integrating isocenter selection produces GK plans equal or superior to manual KBP and clinical planning.
  • This automated approach can streamline the generation of high-quality GK treatment plans.
  • The method shows potential for improving efficiency and quality in radiosurgery.