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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Chronic Anemia Patients Demonstrate Diffuse Demyelination.

Clio González-Zacarías1,2,3, Liza Afzali-Hashemi4, Emma Carpenter2

  • 1Signal and Image Processing Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

American Journal of Hematology
|May 14, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic anemia in sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia causes white matter damage, primarily demyelination. This damage is linked to anemia severity and impacts processing speed, with SCD patients experiencing more severe effects.

Keywords:
chronic anemiadiffusion MRIkurtosis analysissickle cell diseasetensor analysisthalassemiawhite matter

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Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
12:23

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Published on: April 14, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Hematology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Chronic anemia in sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia is linked to neurological issues.
  • Silent cerebral infarcts suggest hypoxia plays a role, but recent studies show demyelination and neuroinflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify predictors of white matter damage in SCD and thalassemia patients using advanced imaging.
  • To compare white matter integrity in SCD, thalassemia, and healthy individuals.

Main Methods:

  • High-fidelity diffusion imaging and modeling techniques were used.
  • 76 SCD patients, 20 thalassemia patients, and 32 healthy controls were studied.

Main Results:

  • White matter damage and demyelination were observed in anemic subjects, extending beyond watershed areas.
  • Damage correlated with hemoglobin levels and anemia severity.
  • SCD patients showed residual white matter issues linked to hemolysis, impacting processing speed.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic anemia causes widespread white matter demyelination independent of regional blood flow.
  • Anemia severity is a key predictor of white matter damage.
  • SCD patients may face more severe neurological consequences than thalassemia patients.