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Head and Neck Clinical Signs Associated With Diseases: A Scoping Review.
Helena Miguel Cotter1,2, Mateus José Dutra2, Gustavo Davi Rabelo1
1Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Summary
Head and neck examination reveals key clinical signs for diagnosing diseases. This review maps these signs, highlighting intraoral findings like strawberry tongue as most common.
Area of Science:
- Medical Diagnostics
- Clinical Examination
- Systemic Disease Indicators
Background:
- Head and neck examination provides crucial diagnostic clues for various conditions.
- Identifying and localizing specific clinical signs is essential for accurate diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify key clinical signs in the head and neck region associated with diseases and syndromes.
- To map these identified clinical signs according to their anatomical location.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive scoping review involving electronic literature searches across five major databases and grey literature.
- Inclusion criteria focused on human studies with specific head and neck signs, excluding those using auxiliary equipment or lacking original data.
- Clinical signs were systematically categorized into ocular, cutaneous, intraoral, auricular, and other groups.
Main Results:
- Analysis of 54 studies identified 43 distinct clinical signs.
- Intraoral signs were most prevalent (15), with "strawberry tongue" being the most frequent.
- Cutaneous signs (10) included café-au-lait lesions and Pemberton's sign; ocular signs (9) featured Horner's syndrome; auricular signs (3) included Frank's sign.
Conclusions:
- Head and neck clinical signs are highly relevant for diagnosing systemic diseases.
- Specific signs like intraoral ulcers, café-au-lait macules, and Frank's sign serve as important diagnostic indicators.
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