Impact of ncRNAs on Immunocyte Regulation and Antitumor Immune Responses in Cancer

Cancer persists as a formidable global health burden with profound impacts on hu-man morbidity. ncRNAs, constituting a major proportion of eukaryotic cellular transcripts, lack protein-coding capacity. Emerging evidence has elucidated the tissue-specific expression patterns and multifaceted regulatory roles of ncRNAs across malignancies. Through their ca-pacity to orchestrate gene networks and modulate the immune response within the tumor mi-croenvironment, ncRNAs emerge as pivotal regulators of oncogenesis and promising thera-peutic targets. Functionally distinct subclasses such as miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs ex-hibit unique mechanisms of action in tumor immunobiology. This study aims to provide a thorough examination of the attributes, roles, mechanisms, and their involvement in anti-tumor immune responses, as well as their interactions with immune cells in the cancer setting. While our understanding of ncRNAs is still in its early stages, this field holds significant promise for further investigation.