Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The efficacy of patient-in-classroom instruction compared to traditional lectures: a quasi-experimental study in nursing education.

BMC medical education·2026
Same author

Development and content validation of a quantitative informatics framework for hardware assessment in health information systems.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Effect of a health belief model-based educational intervention on oral-dental health behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an experimental study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Developing and validating an artificial intelligence-based electronic triage model for predicting clinical outcomes among cardiac-suspected patients in the emergency department.

European heart journal. Digital health·2026
Same author

Hidden burden of hepatitis B: occult HBV infection in vaccinated offspring of HBsAg-positive mothers in an endemic area.

BMC infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Early Versus Late Pediatric Palliative Care in Oncology: A Systematic Review of Outcomes, Disparities, and Implementation Barriers : Palliative Care in Oncology.

Galen medical journal·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

3-D Imaging and Analysis of Neurons Infected In Vivo with Toxoplasma gondii
06:33

3-D Imaging and Analysis of Neurons Infected In Vivo with Toxoplasma gondii

Published on: December 9, 2014

Association Between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Drug Addiction: Evidence from a Case-Control Study.

Nastaran Khaleghpour1, Tooran Nayeri Chegeni1, Elahe Allahyari2

  • 1Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

Infectious Disorders Drug Targets
|May 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Latent Toxoplasma gondii infection was more common in drug addicts, especially females. While not an independent predictor overall, this suggests potential sex-specific links between T. gondii and addiction vulnerability.

Keywords:
ELISAToxoplasma gondiicase-control study.drug addictionimmunoglobulin Gseroprevalence

More Related Videos

QTL Mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing to Identify a Drug Resistance Gene in Toxoplasma gondii
11:37

QTL Mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing to Identify a Drug Resistance Gene in Toxoplasma gondii

Published on: June 22, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

3-D Imaging and Analysis of Neurons Infected In Vivo with Toxoplasma gondii
06:33

3-D Imaging and Analysis of Neurons Infected In Vivo with Toxoplasma gondii

Published on: December 9, 2014

QTL Mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing to Identify a Drug Resistance Gene in Toxoplasma gondii
11:37

QTL Mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing to Identify a Drug Resistance Gene in Toxoplasma gondii

Published on: June 22, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroparasitology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Addiction Psychiatry

Background:

  • Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a neurotropic parasite linked to behavioral and neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Substance use disorders involve neurobiological alterations, prompting investigation into T. gondii's role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential association between latent T. gondii infection and drug addiction.
  • To explore demographic and risk factor influences on this association.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 105 individuals with drug addiction and 105 healthy controls.
  • Serum anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies detected via ELISA.
  • Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U, chi-square, and multivariate logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • T. gondii seroprevalence was significantly higher in drug addicts (25.7%) versus controls (11.4%).
  • Drug addiction was not an independent predictor overall, but age >30 and rural residence were associated with seropositivity.
  • A strong association was found in females (aOR=8.14), but not in males (aOR=0.63).
  • Contact with animals and opioid use were significant risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Higher T. gondii seroprevalence in addicts, particularly females, suggests potential sex-specific vulnerabilities or exposure patterns.
  • The findings highlight a complex relationship between T. gondii infection and drug addiction, warranting further investigation into sex-specific mechanisms.