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Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

A Flow Cytometry-Based Cytotoxicity Assay for the Assessment of Human NK Cell Activity
06:08

A Flow Cytometry-Based Cytotoxicity Assay for the Assessment of Human NK Cell Activity

Published on: August 9, 2017

What affects natural killer cell activity: a cross-sectional study.

Junhyung Moon1, Hyoju Oh2,3, Yechan Yu4

  • 1Department of Software Convergence, School of Healthcare Convergence, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea.

Frontiers in Immunology
|May 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This large-scale study reveals numerous factors influencing natural killer (NK) cell activity (NKA), including inflammation, metabolism, and lifestyle. AI models identified key predictors like neutrophil count and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR).

Keywords:
artificial intelligencehealth-screening dataimmunitynatural killer cell activitystatistical analysis

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Last Updated: May 16, 2026

A Flow Cytometry-Based Cytotoxicity Assay for the Assessment of Human NK Cell Activity
06:08

A Flow Cytometry-Based Cytotoxicity Assay for the Assessment of Human NK Cell Activity

Published on: August 9, 2017

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Natural Killer Cell Lytic Activity in Human Whole Blood
08:14

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Natural Killer Cell Lytic Activity in Human Whole Blood

Published on: March 17, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Computational Biology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial for innate immunity against infections and cancer.
  • Understanding factors affecting NK cell activity (NKA) is clinically relevant but understudied at scale.
  • Few studies have comprehensively analyzed diverse factors influencing NKA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze factors associated with NK cell activity (NKA) using a large dataset of health-screening records.
  • To identify clinical, metabolic, inflammatory, lifestyle, and symptom-related variables linked to NKA.
  • To explore the utility of artificial intelligence (AI) in profiling immune function from routine data.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 11,007 health-screening records, integrating clinical, hematologic, metabolic, inflammatory, lifestyle, and symptom data.
  • Statistical association analysis of 46 check-up variables and 14 questionnaire items with NKA.
  • Application of AI models, including SHAP analysis, to capture complex interactions and identify key predictors.

Main Results:

  • 46 check-up variables and 14 questionnaire items significantly associated with NKA.
  • Key predictors identified include inflammatory markers (e.g., neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR)), metabolic indices, lifestyle factors, and subjective symptoms.
  • AI models achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.716 ± 0.014 for identifying low-NKA individuals, with neutrophil count, PLR, and platelet count being top predictors.

Conclusions:

  • Lower NKA is linked to elevated inflammation and altered metabolic profiles, indicating interplay between systemic health and innate immunity.
  • This study provides a population-scale map of NKA associations using routine health data.
  • AI-driven immune profiling from health checkups is feasible and offers insights into immune function.