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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of fluid...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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In healthy individuals, serum creatinine levels remain stable due to a balance between its constant production—primarily from muscle metabolism—and renal excretion. Creatinine is freely filtered by the glomeruli, making it a valuable marker for estimating renal function. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases, the kidneys can only eliminate less creatinine, causing serum levels to rise.Serum creatinine concentration is widely used to estimate creatinine clearance (Clcr), a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2026

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
05:37

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

Published on: September 16, 2022

Development and Validation of a Canadian Prediction Equation for Incident CKD Using Population-Based, Administrative

Manish M Sood1,2,3,4, Stephanie N Dixon2,5,6, Sarah E Bota2,6

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease
|May 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Predicting chronic kidney disease (CKD) onset is possible using administrative data. New prediction equations accurately identify individuals at risk for CKD, aiding early intervention and surveillance.

Keywords:
CKDalbuminuriaeGFRkidney diseaseprediction

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2026

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
05:37

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model

Published on: September 16, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Identifying individuals at risk for incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) is crucial for prevention and disease surveillance.
  • Early detection of CKD, defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, can significantly improve patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate prediction equations for incident CKD using routinely collected administrative data.
  • To assess the utility of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in CKD risk prediction models.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study was conducted using administrative data from Manitoba (derivation) and Ontario (validation), Canada.
  • Prediction models were developed using time-to-event analysis, accounting for the competing risk of death.
  • Models were derived using routinely available variables and validated both internally and externally, with and without ACR measurements.

Main Results:

  • The final CKD prediction model included six variables: age, sex, baseline eGFR, hemoglobin, hypertension, and diabetes.
  • The model achieved a five-year area under the curve of 86.0 without ACR and 80.2 with ACR in the derivation cohort.
  • Excellent performance was observed during external validation in a large population cohort, demonstrating generalizability.

Conclusions:

  • Prediction equations utilizing population-level administrative data can accurately forecast CKD onset.
  • These equations, with or without ACR, offer a valuable tool for identifying at-risk individuals and supporting public health initiatives.