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Spine Injuries in the NBA: Return to Play Expectations After a Seasonal Injury
Arianna K Gill1,2, Sahil Garg1,2, Patrick Young1,2
1The Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA.
Background:
Spine injuries represent a significant concern in the National Basketball Association (NBA) due to their implications for player health and competitive performance. While studies exist examining operative spine injuries in the NBA, none have comprehensively examined both operative and nonoperative spinal injuries with respect to return to play (RTP) times.
Purpose:
To examine injury characteristics and RTP times of all spine injuries sustained by NBA players during the 2021 to 2024 seasons.
Study Design:
Descriptive Epidemiology Study.
Methods:
A retrospective analysis of official NBA injury reports was conducted for the 2021-2022, 2022-2023, and 2023-2024 seasons, including the playoffs. Spine injuries were classified according to NBA terminology and analyzed for injury distribution, treatment modalities, and games missed. Data validation was conducted by cross-referencing news reports and publicly available data.
Results:
Of 285 spine injuries (217 athletes), lumbar and lower back injuries comprised 56.49% of all injured regions, while cervical/neck injuries accounted for 11.93%. The 4 most common injury types were soreness (26.83%), spasm (23.48%), tightness (12.80%), and contusion (11.59%), collectively representing nearly 75% of injuries. Nonsurgical management was utilized in 98.78% of cases, with only 4 injuries (1.22%) requiring surgery. Surgical cases involved disc-related pathology (bulging disc: 2 cases, herniated disc: 1 case, and nerve impingement: 1 case). Common injuries resulted in brief absences, with median missed games ranging from 1 to 2. However, several injury categories demonstrated high variability in recovery times.
Conclusion:
Our study showed that spine injuries in NBA players are predominantly managed nonoperatively with rapid RTP. Lumbar injuries far exceed cervical injuries, likely reflecting sport-specific biomechanical demands. The substantial variability in recovery times emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment approaches for elite athletes. Surgical cases are predominantly related to disc pathology. These findings provide valuable baseline data for clinicians managing spine injuries in professional basketball players.
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