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Updated: May 16, 2026

Robotic Sensing and Stimuli Provision for Guided Plant Growth
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Engineering glowing plants: recent progress and future directions for application-oriented design.

Guimeng Cui1

  • 1Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture/Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|May 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists engineered autonomously glowing plants using fungal bioluminescence pathways, moving beyond lab-based systems. These advancements offer potential for ornamental horticulture and environmental sensing, though challenges remain.

Keywords:
bioluminescenceglowing plantslandscapeplant biotechnologysynthetic biology

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biotechnology
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Bioluminescence

Background:

  • Bioluminescence is common in fungi and animals but absent in higher plants.
  • Early glowing plant research used substrate-dependent systems unsuitable for real-world applications.
  • Recent breakthroughs enable autonomous luminescence in plants without external substrates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in engineering luminescent plants.
  • To compare early and current systems regarding application readiness.
  • To outline future challenges and directions in applied plant biotechnology.

Main Methods:

  • Reconstruction of fungal bioluminescence pathways via synthetic biology and metabolic engineering.
  • Development of non-transgenic nanomaterial-based luminescence strategies.
  • Improvements in brightness, controllability, and regulatory flexibility of luminescent systems.

Main Results:

  • Autonomous glowing plants are now achievable without external substrates.
  • Current systems demonstrate enhanced brightness and control compared to earlier methods.
  • New strategies expand potential applications beyond laboratory imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered luminescent plants show promise for horticulture, art, and sensing.
  • Challenges include metabolic burden, stability, and ecological/regulatory concerns.
  • Future research requires balancing light output with plant health and assessing ecological risks.