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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...

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Probing and Mapping Electrode Surfaces in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
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Insights Into Atomic Ordering and Morphological Control Integration Design for Next-Generation Proton Exchange

Eungjun Lee1, Jieun Baik1,2, Jin Soo Kang2,3

  • 1Center for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Chemsuschem
|May 15, 2026
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Summary

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) require durable catalysts. Optimizing atomic ordering and catalyst morphology enhances stability and performance under demanding conditions.

Keywords:
atomic orderingchemical short‐range ordermorphologyoxygen reduction reactionproton exchange membrane fuel cell

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are crucial for heavy-duty applications but face durability challenges.
  • Transition metal alloy catalysts degrade due to dissolution and structural issues, especially at high temperatures (90°C-120°C).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of atomic ordering in catalyst degradation within PEMFCs.
  • To propose strategies for enhancing catalyst durability through atomic ordering and morphology control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on catalyst degradation mechanisms.
  • Analysis of insights from operando microscopy and 3D atomic electron tomography.
  • Focus on atomic-scale ordering, strain, and site occupancy.

Main Results:

  • Degradation originates from atomic ordering instability, not just alloy composition.
  • Long-range ordered (LRO) phases offer stability but risk coarsening; short-range ordered (SRO) phases preserve morphology and suppress dissolution.
  • Atomic-scale ordering, strain, and site occupancy are key to degradation pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Low-temperature atomic rearrangement and morphology engineering provide a unified approach for durable PEMFC catalysts.
  • Integrating atomic ordering and morphology design is essential for next-generation catalysts.
  • Achieving stable electronic structures and minimized defects enhances catalyst longevity under demanding conditions.