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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR activation may...
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
11:15

A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: May 6, 2018

Rab27: Molecular switch of tumor exosome secretion (Review).

Mengtian Tang1, Zhongjian Zhu1, Huaxin Duan1

  • 1Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University Health Science Center, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China.

International Journal of Molecular Medicine
|May 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Rab27 proteins regulate exosome secretion, impacting tumor growth and patient prognosis. Targeting Rab27 offers a promising strategy for novel cancer therapies by disrupting the exosome pathway.

Keywords:
Rab27antitumor treatmentbiomarkerexosomessecretiontransport

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Using Nanoplasmon-Enhanced Scattering and Low-Magnification Microscope Imaging to Quantify Tumor-Derived Exosomes
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Using Nanoplasmon-Enhanced Scattering and Low-Magnification Microscope Imaging to Quantify Tumor-Derived Exosomes

Published on: May 24, 2019

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A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
11:15

A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: May 6, 2018

Using Nanoplasmon-Enhanced Scattering and Low-Magnification Microscope Imaging to Quantify Tumor-Derived Exosomes
09:30

Using Nanoplasmon-Enhanced Scattering and Low-Magnification Microscope Imaging to Quantify Tumor-Derived Exosomes

Published on: May 24, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Rab proteins are essential regulators of vesicle trafficking.
  • Rab27 isoforms (Rab27a and Rab27b) control exosome secretion by anchoring multivesicular bodies to the plasma membrane.
  • Aberrant Rab27 expression is linked to cancer progression and patient prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review Rab27's role in exosome secretion and tumorigenesis.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting Rab27 for cancer treatment.
  • To highlight challenges and prospects for Rab27-targeted therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular mechanisms.
  • Analysis of Rab27's function in cancer progression.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic strategies targeting the exosome pathway.

Main Results:

  • Rab27 modulates exosome secretion, promoting malignant progression in tumors.
  • Rab27 serves as a potential prognostic biomarker in various cancers.
  • Small-molecule drugs targeting Rab27 show promise for antitumor effects.

Conclusions:

  • Rab27 is a critical regulator of exosome secretion with significant implications in cancer.
  • Targeting Rab27 presents a viable therapeutic avenue for cancer treatment.
  • Further research is needed for clinical translation of Rab27-targeted strategies.