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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus.
Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...

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Related Experiment Videos

Commando Surgery in Infective Endocarditis by Streptococcus gallolyticus in an Adolescent: A Rare Case Report.

Saroj Soumya1, Devika Chavan1, Balkrushna Pandit Garud1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Annals of African Medicine
|May 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric infective endocarditis (IE) can be aggressive, even in previously healthy children. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention are crucial for managing severe cases of this serious heart infection.

Keywords:
Abcès de la racine aortiqueCOMMANDO surgeryChirurgie COMMANDOEndocardite infectieuse pédiatriquePrise en charge chirurgicaleRemplacement valvulaire doubleStreptococcus gallolyticusTachycardie ventriculaire réfractairecongenital heart diseaseinfective endocarditisoutcome

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Infective endocarditis (IE) poses a significant health burden in India, especially in children with congenital heart disease (CHD).
  • Developing nations experience higher pediatric IE incidence due to diagnostic delays and limited access to specialized cardiac care.
  • Rheumatic heart disease and CHD are prevalent, increasing pediatric IE risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the aggressive presentation and management challenges of pediatric infective endocarditis.
  • To emphasize the critical role of early diagnosis and multidisciplinary intervention in severe pediatric IE cases.
  • To underscore the importance of prompt antimicrobial therapy and surgical management.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 14-year-old boy with no prior heart disease presenting with symptoms of IE.
  • Diagnostic evaluation included echocardiography and blood cultures.
  • Management involved intensive medical therapy followed by urgent cardiac surgery.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with fever, cough, and chest pain, with echocardiography revealing aortic vegetation, severe regurgitation, and root abscess.
  • Blood cultures identified Streptococcus gallolyticus.
  • Despite antibiotic treatment, the patient required urgent aortic and mitral valve replacement but unfortunately could not be revived due to refractory ventricular tachycardia.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric IE can exhibit rapid progression and aggressive behavior, even in previously healthy individuals.
  • Early diagnosis, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and timely surgical intervention are vital for managing severe pediatric IE.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for optimizing outcomes in complex pediatric IE cases with extensive cardiac involvement.