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Related Concept Videos

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots
10:16

Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots

Published on: October 23, 2014

Tailoring Multifunctional Carbon Dots via Precursor Stoichiometry: Switching Between Solid-State Fluorescence and

Gaixia Yang1, Hao Sun1, Defa Hou1

  • 1National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forestry Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|May 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Controlling carbon dots (CDs) solid-state fluorescence is challenging. This study shows precursor stoichiometry tunes CD surface chemistry, enabling precise control over aggregation, solid-state fluorescence, and broadband absorption.

Keywords:
aggregation controlcarbon dotshydrogen bondingsurface chemistryπ–π stacking

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Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging

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Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging
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Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging

Published on: October 9, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Photophysics

Background:

  • Carbon dots (CDs) exhibit limited solid-state optical properties due to aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and narrow absorption.
  • Precise control over CD surface chemistry and aggregation is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a framework linking precursor stoichiometry, CD surface chemistry, and aggregation behavior.
  • To engineer CDs with tunable solid-state optical properties, including fluorescence and broadband absorption.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesizing CDs by varying the molar ratio of 2,3-diaminonaphthalene to o-phthalaldehyde.
  • Investigating the self-assembly and aggregation geometry of CDs based on surface chemistry.
  • Characterizing the solid-state optical properties (fluorescence, absorption) of engineered CDs.

Main Results:

  • Aldehyde-rich CDs self-assemble into ordered, layered structures via hydrogen bonding, enabling red solid-state fluorescence (SSF) by suppressing π-π stacking.
  • Amine-rich CDs form compact, spherical aggregates through π-π stacking, leading to broadband visible absorption via intermolecular charge transfer (ICT).
  • Precursor stoichiometry effectively dictates CD surface functionality, aggregation, and resulting optical properties.

Conclusions:

  • A general design principle is established: aldehyde-rich surfaces promote SSF, while amine-rich surfaces confer broadband absorption and photothermal capability.
  • Precursor stoichiometry is a powerful tool for directing CD aggregation and developing multifunctional CD-based materials.
  • This work provides a unified platform for designing CDs with tailored solid-state optical properties.