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Sensor beampattern and equivalent aperture in a distributed acoustic sensing system.

Angeliki Xenaki1, Peter Gerstoft2,3

  • 1Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete 70013, Greece.

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Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) uses fiber-optic cables for ocean acoustic monitoring. DAS strain estimates reveal acoustic vibrations, with sensor aperture influencing spatial coherence in diffuse wavefields.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Oceanography
  • Optical Physics

Background:

  • Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) transforms fiber-optic cables into dense sensor arrays.
  • DAS is suitable for passive acoustic monitoring, particularly in oceanographic applications.
  • It measures acoustic vibrations by detecting strain-induced phase differences in backscattered light.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive the beampattern of individual DAS sensors.
  • To relate the beampattern to the sensor's spatial aperture.
  • To investigate the impact of spatial aperture on DAS measurement coherence in diffuse acoustic fields.

Main Methods:

  • Factorizing the transfer function between optical signals and acoustic quantities into four key terms.
  • Deriving the sensor beampattern (sensitivity vs. frequency and direction).
  • Relating the beampattern to the sensor's equivalent spatial aperture.

Main Results:

  • The beampattern of DAS sensors was derived, incorporating filtering and acoustic properties.
  • The sensor's spatial aperture was directly linked to its beampattern characteristics.
  • The shape of the spatial aperture was shown to govern spatial coherence in diffuse acoustic fields.

Conclusions:

  • The spatial aperture is a critical factor in DAS performance for diffuse wavefield analysis.
  • DAS spatial coherence is predictable based on sensor aperture characteristics.
  • This understanding enhances the interpretation of DAS measurements in complex acoustic environments.