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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Visual System01:26

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Age and language experience modulate predictive processing in the visual modality.

Evie A Malaia1, Sean C Borneman2, Joshua Borneman3

  • 1Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States of America.

Plos One
|May 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lifelong visual language experience, like sign language, refines the brain's predictive abilities. Neural responses to visual language show age-dependent changes, demonstrating how sensory and linguistic systems interact.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

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Published on: November 30, 2018

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Human language processing relies on rapid prediction of structured input.
  • Predictive coding is well-studied in auditory language, but less is known about visual language influence.
  • Lifelong visual language experience may shape neural prediction mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how age and lifelong sign language use modulate neural prediction in the visual modality.
  • To examine the impact of visual linguistic experience on predictive coding mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) recorded from Deaf signers of Austrian Sign Language (ÖGS).
  • Stimuli included linguistic and non-linguistic biological motion videos.
  • Analysis involved computing signal complexity and neural coherence to optical flow, with multivariate feature selection for age-related patterns.

Main Results:

  • Neural responses to linguistic motion showed age-dependent increases in coherence and changes in signal entropy.
  • These effects were prominent in fronto-central and parietal brain regions.
  • Findings suggest visual linguistic experience refines predictive mechanisms over time.

Conclusions:

  • Predictive coding in the brain is shaped by modality-specific language experience and evolves with age.
  • Visual language experience, like sign language, refines neural prediction in the visual modality.
  • This offers insights into the interaction between sensory and linguistic systems for real-time visual processing.