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Mycetoma
Max Hoekstra1, Kirby R Lattwein1, Wendy W J van de Sande1
1Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases
|May 15, 2026
Summary
Mycetoma, a neglected tropical disease, causes tumor-like masses due to bacterial or fungal infections, particularly affecting male farmers in low-income regions. Further research is crucial to address significant knowledge gaps in its management.
Area of Science:
- Medical Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Mycetoma is a chronic, progressive neglected tropical disease causing subcutaneous tumor-like masses.
- It is endemic in rural, low- and middle-income countries, disproportionately affecting male farmers.
- Caused by bacteria (actinomycetoma) or fungi (eumycetoma), it forms grains resistant to treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on mycetoma.
- To cover historical background, epidemiology, causative agents, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
- To highlight remaining knowledge gaps and future research directions.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review.
- Synthesis of existing data on mycetoma.
- Analysis of historical and current research findings.
Main Results:
- Mycetoma presents significant health and socioeconomic burdens.
- Inoculation occurs via skin breaches, with pathogens forming resistant grains.
- Despite increased awareness, substantial knowledge gaps persist.
Conclusions:
- Mycetoma requires further research and improved management strategies.
- Understanding causative agents and pathophysiology is key.
- Addressing knowledge gaps is essential for effective disease control.
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