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IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

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Mid-infrared nulling interferometry beam combiners using asymmetric directional couplers.

Ahmed Sanny, Thomas Gretzinger, Simon Gross

|May 15, 2026

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Researchers created directional couplers in gallium-lanthanum-sulfide glass using ultrafast laser inscription. This breakthrough aids in detecting giant exoplanets via mid-infrared nulling interferometry.

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The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

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Published on: August 12, 2013

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Materials Science

Background:

Integrated optics are crucial for advanced astronomical instruments.
Chalcogenide glasses offer unique optical properties for mid-infrared applications.
Detecting giant exoplanets requires high-contrast imaging techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate reproducible asymmetric directional couplers in gallium-lanthanum-sulfide (GLS) glass.
To enable on-chip high-contrast nulling interferometry for exoplanet detection.
To operate within the astronomical L' band (3.5-4.0 μm).

Main Methods:

Utilizing ultrafast laser inscription (ULI) for fabricating directional couplers.
Implementing a classical two-telescope integrated optics beam combination scheme.
Conducting laboratory characterization of the fabricated devices.

Main Results:

Achieved reproducible asymmetric directional couplers in GLS glass.
Demonstrated on-chip nulling interferometry capabilities.
Obtained an extinction ratio of approximately 10⁻² across the 3.65-3.85 μm wavelength range.

Conclusions:

Gallium-lanthanum-sulfide (GLS) chalcogenide glass is a viable material for integrated optics in the mid-infrared.
Ultrafast laser inscription (ULI) is an effective method for fabricating high-performance optical components.
The developed technology shows promise for direct detection of giant exoplanets.