Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...

P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Spin-Galvanic Response to Nonequilibrium Spin Injection in Superconductors with Spin-Orbit Coupling.

Physical review letters·2026

Same author

Emergent Topology from Landau Level Mixing in Quantum Hall-Superconductor Nanostructures.

Physical review letters·2026

Same author

Fluxoid Solitons in Superconducting Tapered Tubes and Bottlenecks.

Physical review letters·2026

Same author

Single-shot parity readout of a minimal Kitaev chain.

Nature·2026

Same author

Local Control of Parity and Charge in Nanoscale Superconducting Lead Islands.

Physical review letters·2025

Same author

Coverage-Dependent Structural Evolution of CoBr<sub>2</sub> at the Au(111) Interface.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025

Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Coherent Subgap Transport in Spin-Split Josephson Junctions.

David Caldevilla-Asenjo¹, Gorm Ole Steffensen², Sara Catalano^1,3

¹Centro de Fisica de Materiales, CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.

Physical Review Letters

|May 15, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We observed subgap transport in ferromagnetic insulator-superconductor junctions, revealing spin-splitting effects in superconductors. This demonstrates a new platform for studying spin-polarized superconducting phenomena.

More Related Videos

High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings

High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings

Published on: April 16, 2017

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Published on: November 1, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings

High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings

Published on: April 16, 2017

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Published on: November 1, 2013

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Quantum Phenomena

Background:

Superconducting junctions are crucial for quantum electronics.
Understanding spin-polarized transport in superconductors is key for spintronics.
Ferromagnetic insulators offer unique ways to control superconducting properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally observe subgap transport in ferromagnetic insulator-superconductor-insulator-superconductor junctions.
To investigate the influence of spin-splitting on multiple Andreev reflection peaks.
To establish a novel platform for studying spin-polarized superconducting phenomena.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of vertical EuS/Al/AlOx/Al junctions.
Differential conductance measurements to analyze subgap transport.
Quasiclassical transport modeling to extract spin-splitting and transmission channel distribution.

Main Results:

First experimental observation of subgap transport in these junctions.
Multiple Andreev reflection peaks observed, with odd-order peaks showing spin-splitting.
Even-order peaks remained unaffected by spin-splitting.
Josephson current confirmed strong superconducting coupling.
Identified approximately a hundred highly transmitting channels dominating transport.

Conclusions:

A single spin-split superconductor is sufficient to observe the even-odd multiple Andreev reflection effect.
EuS/Al junctions serve as a versatile platform for studying subgap transport, Josephson coupling, and spin-polarized superconductivity.
The findings pave the way for advanced spintronic devices.