Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity01:25

Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity

Drugs exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with receptors, enzymes, or ion channels that are present throughout the human body. The strength and duration of the interaction between a drug and its target receptor are characterized by the selectivity and specificity of the drug. Selectivity refers to a drug's strong preference for its intended target over other targets. For instance, isoprenaline, a non-selective β-adrenergic agonist, interacts with both β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents01:17

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Miscellaneous Agents

Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses01:26

Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses

Antimuscarinic drugs have various therapeutic applications by inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation in different systems. Here are the key therapeutic uses of antimuscarinics:    
Respiratory Tract: Ipratropium, aclidinium, and tiotropium treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They protect against bronchoconstriction caused by irritants like cigarette smoke, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. They also help reduce nasopharyngeal secretions in common...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Trigeminovascular calcitonin gene-related peptide release and peripheral vascular responses in a mouse model of accelerated aging: Implications for migraine.

The journal of headache and pain·2026
Same author

Correction: What's a migraine day? Towards a consensus definition for clinical care and research - a Delphi panel-based study.

The journal of headache and pain·2026
Same author

From bench to bedside: relevant animal models across the migraine attack phases.

The journal of headache and pain·2026
Same author

Aortic stiffness and cardiac function in middle-aged women with ischemic stroke with and without migraine.

BMC neurology·2026
Same author

Pharmacological mechanisms underlying neurovascular alterations related to resistant and refractory migraine: CGRP pathways and beyond.

The journal of headache and pain·2026
Same author

What's a migraine day? Towards a consensus definition for clinical care and research - a Delphi panel-based study.

The journal of headache and pain·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Sex-specific considerations in migraine therapy.

Eloisa Rubio-Beltran1, Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink2

  • 1Headache Group, Wolfson Sensory Pain and Regeneration Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the American Society for Experimental Neurotherapeutics
|May 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Migraine disproportionately affects women due to sex hormones. Understanding these hormonal influences is crucial for developing effective, sex-specific migraine treatments and improving patient care.

Keywords:
GenderHormonesMigraine treatmentReproductive milestonesSex

More Related Videos

An Automated Squint Method for Time-syncing Behavior and Brain Dynamics in Mouse Pain Studies
05:49

An Automated Squint Method for Time-syncing Behavior and Brain Dynamics in Mouse Pain Studies

Published on: November 1, 2024

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache
05:40

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Published on: July 29, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

An Automated Squint Method for Time-syncing Behavior and Brain Dynamics in Mouse Pain Studies
05:49

An Automated Squint Method for Time-syncing Behavior and Brain Dynamics in Mouse Pain Studies

Published on: November 1, 2024

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache
05:40

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Published on: July 29, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Migraine is a prevalent neurovascular disorder with a higher burden in women.
  • Sex hormones, particularly estrogen, significantly influence migraine pathophysiology and onset.
  • The impact of hormonal status on migraine treatment efficacy is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms behind higher female migraine prevalence.
  • To discuss sex-specific responses to migraine therapies.
  • To highlight the role of hormone-based interventions and female-specific phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of current scientific literature.
  • Synthesis of data on sex hormones and migraine.
  • Analysis of pharmacological and hormone-based treatments.

Main Results:

  • Sex hormones modulate migraine pathophysiology, contributing to higher prevalence in females.
  • Responses to pharmacological treatments vary by hormonal status.
  • Hormone-based interventions and management of female-specific phenotypes are critical.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent need for sex- and gender-stratified research in migraine.
  • Optimizing migraine treatment requires personalized, precision medicine approaches.
  • Addressing hormonal influences is key to advancing migraine care for women.