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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans
08:29

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Published on: December 18, 2016

Neuropsychiatric symptoms and dementia development: a 15-year population-based study.

Francesca Remelli1, Giulia Grande2, Serhiy Dekhtyar3

  • 1Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 18 A, 17177 Solna, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.

The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer'S Disease
|May 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Mild Behavioral Impairment (MBI) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in older adults increase dementia risk. Co-occurrence with cognitive impairment significantly elevates this risk over 15 years.

Keywords:
AgedAlzheimer’s diseaseDementiaMild behavioral impairmentNeuropsychiatric symptoms

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
10:13

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Mild Behavioral Impairment (MBI) is a proposed early indicator of dementia.
  • Population-based evidence linking MBI and dementia onset is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the association between late-life neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and dementia onset over 15 years.
  • Examine the combined effect of NPS and Cognitive Impairment, No Dementia (CIND) on dementia development.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study of 2597 dementia-free adults aged 60+ over 15 years.
  • NPS mapped into five domains; MBI defined by z-score > 1.5 SD in any domain.
  • CIND defined by cognitive battery scores ≥1.5 SD below age means; dementia diagnosed via DSM-IV criteria.

Main Results:

  • MBI present in 16.1% of participants, associated with 1.68x higher dementia hazard.
  • Decreased motivation and social inappropriateness domains significantly linked to dementia.
  • MBI or CIND independently increased dementia risk; co-occurrence yielded a 4.41x higher risk.

Conclusions:

  • Late-life NPS, particularly when combined with cognitive impairment, is strongly associated with increased dementia incidence.
  • Findings support MBI as a potential biomarker for dementia risk in community-dwelling older adults.