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Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates these...
Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules01:15

Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules

Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo cycles of catastrophe and rescue. The microtubules play a central role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus for segregating the chromosomes. This makes them ideal targets for regulating dividing cells in tumors and malignant cancer cells. Microtubule stabilizing drugs help stabilize the microtubule formation and promote its polymerization. Paclitaxel was the first microtubule stabilizing agent used as anticancer drug in chemotherapy...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Updated: May 17, 2026

The Treadmill Fatigue Test: A Simple, High-throughput Assay of Fatigue-like Behavior for the Mouse
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Published on: May 31, 2016

Methylphenidate-Type Psychostimulants for Cancer-Related Fatigue: Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled

Bruno Almeida Costa1, Richard Sheppard2, Henrique G B Coelho3

  • 11Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN
|May 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Methylphenidate (MPH) and dexmethylphenidate (d-MPH) offer modest, consistent relief for cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Benefits become clinically meaningful after 5 weeks, with a favorable safety profile for selected patients.

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Evaluating the Role of Mitochondrial Function in Cancer-related Fatigue
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Published on: May 17, 2018

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

The Treadmill Fatigue Test: A Simple, High-throughput Assay of Fatigue-like Behavior for the Mouse
09:25

The Treadmill Fatigue Test: A Simple, High-throughput Assay of Fatigue-like Behavior for the Mouse

Published on: May 31, 2016

Evaluating the Role of Mitochondrial Function in Cancer-related Fatigue
08:56

Evaluating the Role of Mitochondrial Function in Cancer-related Fatigue

Published on: May 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Nonpharmacologic interventions are primary for cancer-related fatigue (CRF).
  • Limited pharmacologic options exist, including methylphenidate (MPH) and dexmethylphenidate (d-MPH).
  • Previous evidence on psychostimulants for CRF is mixed, necessitating updated review.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the efficacy and safety of MPH/d-MPH for managing CRF.
  • To clarify the impact of these psychostimulants based on recent phase III trial data.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL for placebo-controlled, double-blind RCTs.
  • Included studies evaluated MPH/d-MPH in adults with advanced cancer or receiving active cancer therapy.
  • Outcomes assessed fatigue score changes (FACIT-F, 0-10 scales, validated scales) and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).

Main Results:

  • Nine RCTs (n=823) met inclusion criteria.
  • MPH/d-MPH significantly improved fatigue scores on FACIT-F, 0-10 scales, and validated scales compared to placebo.
  • Clinically meaningful improvements in FACIT-F scores were observed by 5 weeks and sustained beyond 8 weeks.
  • No significant differences in key TEAEs were found between MPH/d-MPH and placebo groups.

Conclusions:

  • MPH-type psychostimulants provide a modest yet consistent reduction in CRF.
  • Therapeutic benefits achieve clinical meaningfulness after 5 weeks of treatment.
  • These agents have a favorable safety profile and warrant consideration for carefully selected cancer patients when nonpharmacologic strategies are insufficient.